Foreword
Store can the technology is to solve but second birth energy resources is extensive receive, raise groovy power system and efficiency of system of area the sources of energy, security and socioeconomic urgent need, the technology propping up of revolution of the sources of energy that be called and strategical burgeoning industry. Up to by 2017, china store can outfit machine covers with tiles for 28.9 auspicious, 1.6% what take chance of general assembly of countrywide electric power about, far under the world the average level of 2.7% . Predict 2050, china store can install machine general to achieve 200 auspicious made of baked clay above, occupy generate electricity the 10% ～ of gross 15% , market demand is huge and pressing. Compress air store can have dimensions big, efficiency tall, cost the advantage such as low, environmental protection, be considered as what have development latent capacity most is large-scale store can one of technologies.
The tradition compresses air store can technology
The tradition compresses air store can the system is to be based on what gas turbine technology develops store can system. Using electric trough, compress air coexist in gas storage room, make memory of internal energy of air of electric energy translate into rises; Using electric height, high-pressured air is released from gas storage room, enter firebox to burn together with fuel, next drive turbine generates electricity, if pursue 1.
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Already was in Germany at present (Huntorf 290 million is made of baked clay) with the United States (McIntosh110 million is made of baked clay) received commercial application. But the tradition compresses air store can the system is put in bottleneck of 3 main techniques, it is to depend on the fossil fuel such as natural gas to provide heat source; 2 it is to need to depend on burrow of large gas storage, wait like hole of rock burrow, salt, deserted mine; 3 it is systematic efficiency inferior, huntorf and efficiency of McIntosh power station are respectively 42% with 54% .
New-style compress air store can technology
Compress air to solve a tradition store can technical bottleneck problem, in recent years, the scholar outside China was begun new-style compress air store can technical research and development works, include heat insulation to compress type of air, accumulation of heat to compress air store can reach isotherm to compress air store can (do not use fuel) , liquid state air store can (do not use burrow of large gas storage) , super- critical compress air store can mix advanced compress air store can (not. Current, sign already built on international made of baked clay class is new-style compress air store can the orgnaization that the system sets an example in all 4, it is British Highview company respectively (air of 2 million made of baked clay liquid state store can system, 2010) , American SustainX company (1.5 million cover with tiles isotherm compresses air store can system, 2013) , American GeneralCompression company (type of 2 million made of baked clay accumulation of heat compresses air store can system, 2012) heat up physical institute with project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (1.5 million tile exceeds critical compress air store can system, covered with tiles with 10 million 2013 advanced compress air store can system, 2016) . Among them, institute of hot physics of project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences covers 10 sign at building international head 2016 tile is advanced compress air store can set an example system, systematic efficiency is amounted to 60.2% , it is the whole world efficiency is at present highest scale is the largest new-style compress air store can system, at present institute of hot physics of project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is in international of research and development made of baked clay course of first 100 million is advanced compress air store can set an example system, predict to was controlled 2020 build.
Representative new-style compress air store can the technology includes:
(one) heat insulation compresses air store can system
This system is in store can when, after reducing air position of supreme lukewarm high pressure through compressor, use store hot system will compress heat to store, air drops in temperature and store in storage tank. Commentate can when, release high-pressured air, use the compression that store heat makes air warms up, drive next expand aircraft business generates electricity, if pursue 2.
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This system reclaims compress hot recycle, make efficiency got rising, go at the same time besides firebox, came true 0 discharge, but reduce process specific power consumption taller, the air temperature that exports as a result of compressor is high, tall to equipment material requirement.
(2) type of accumulation of heat compresses air store can system
This system compresses air with heat insulation store can systematic distinction depends on this system be in compress the heat exchange between process class to reach store hot, heat insulation compresses air store can be in after compressing a process to end entirely store hot, if pursue 3.
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relatively compress air at heat insulation store can, type of accumulation of heat compresses air store can of the system store hot temperature and store can density is inferior, but bad news can reduce its compressor, and not tall to compressor material requirement. This system defect depended on increasing multistage heat exchange to reach store hot, the investment at the beginning of the system increases somewhat.
(3) isotherm compresses air store can system
This system adopts certain measure (if piston, gush drenchs, bottom notes gas to wait) , through the liquid with large specific heat capacity (water is oily perhaps) provide approximate and constant temperature environment, increase gas fluid to interface is accumulated and engage time, make air is in compress and expand in the process be close to indefinitely at isothermal process, will hot loss falls lowest, improve systematic efficiency thereby, if pursue 4.
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In addition, this system does not need to fill light, cast off the dependence to fossil fuel, but the dependence that did not cast off burrow of pair of large gas storage.
(4) liquid state air store can system
This system is the technology that stores internal energy of airy of liquid state of electric energy translate into with achieving energy. Store can when, depart of systematic drive air reachs liquefacient unit, produce liquefacient air, store in microtherm storage tank; Commentate can when, absorption of heat of pressurization of air of the liquid state in microtherm storage tank, subsequently drive turbine generates electricity, if pursue 5.
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Because airy liquefaction stores, reduce storage device size considerably, do not need room of large gas storage thereby.
(5) super- critical compress air store can
2009, the raw land that achieve a gender puts forward on international of place of research of hot physics of project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences advanced super- critical compress air store can technology, can solve a tradition to compress air at the same time store can bottleneck of 3 old techniques. Its job principle is: Store can when, the system uses compressor of electric power drive to shrink empty atmospheric pressure to exceed critical condition, reclaiming what memory uses after compressing heat is cold can cool its liquefacient, and store in microtherm storage tank; Commentate can when, pressurization of liquid state air reclaims cold quantity is achieved exceed critical condition, absorb further machine drive electric machinery expands to generate electricity through turbine after compressing heat. This system uses memory of liquid state air to rise store can density, solved rooms of pair of large gas storage depend on; Use compress heat to reclaim the dependence that solved pair of fossil fuel, improved systematic efficiency further.
Compress air store domain of can main application
(one) power system moves a peak
Current, the daily load that use phone is fluctuant change, and peak cereal difference increases with each passing day. Compress air store can serve as large-scale capacity model store can technology, the electric energy that can give out the trough that use phone more stores, release in the height that use phone, implementation power system cuts a peak to fill cereal, decrease generate electricity outfit machine and capacity of electrified wire netting, promote power system efficiency and economy.
(2) but second birth the sources of energy
But second birth the sources of energy has intermittence, instability, generate electricity directly and the network is very large to concussion of electrified wire netting, reason abandons the wind, phenomenon that abandon light serious. Compress air store can but not will discontinuous, stable, cannot accuse but second birth the sources of energy generates electricity store, again according to demand smooth, can accuse release, have flowing wave motion, dog attemper the function such as the output, frequency modulation that move a peak, implementation but second birth the sources of energy generates electricity large-scale and net.
(3) system of distributed the sources of energy
System of distributed the sources of energy is future the main development trend of system of source of efficient, low carbon, high safety performance. But its photograph relatively at big electrified wire netting, have bear to fluctuate difference of ability of big, system adjustment, fault rate is advanced defect. Compress air store can can reach as bear equalizer reserve power source, solve afore-mentioned problems effectively, increase power supply dependability of the system, stability, can realize Hei Qi to move the net that reach Gu to move.
(4) power system frequency modulation
Compress air store can the power station can be the same as the effect that gas turbine power station, thermal power station or pump water harbour can have power system frequency modulation like the power station. When this power station and other store can if the technology is super the photograph such as capacitance, flywheel, chemical batteries is united in wedlock, frequency modulation rate will be rapidder more effective.
(5) other application
Compress air store there also can be wide application in other domain, if be the mobile equipment such as cart of car, golf to provide power; As the UPS (UPS) , make for data computer room, accurate instrument, medical treatment establishment, national defence establishment provide safeguard sex power source; The air that after via expanding aircraft business generates electricity, releases because temperature is low and the course is purified, can use at air conditioning system to provide new wind and cold amount for the building.
Compress air store can challenge and foreground
(one) specifications needs farther promotion
Current, new-style compress air store can highest efficiency is 60% the left and right sides, with harbour of pump water of 300 million made of baked clay class can 75% photographs of 70% ～ compare efficiency to still have promotion space; Its system is the most massive cover with tiles for 10 million, have not achieve a tradition to compress air store can 100 million made of baked clay dimensions; Its unit cost is 6000 ～ about 10000 yuan / kilowatt and 1500 ～ 2500 yuan / kilowatt hour, still have drop space.
(2) systematic dimensions needs to increase further
Large-scale changing is to compress air store can development trend of the technology, also be the main avenue that its reduce cost and promotion performance. What already realized application now is new-style compress air store can technical dimensions slants small (10 million of 1 ～ are made of baked clay) , still cannot satisfy dimensions to change ask with socioeconomic. Accordingly, urgent need is started more large-scale (100 million made of baked clay class) new-style compress air store can technical research and development, predict 100 million made of baked clay class is new-style compress air store can technical efficiency can rise 70% , its unit cost can fall to be 4000 yuan to make an appointment with / kilowatt left and right sides and 1000 yuan / kilowatt hour left and right sides.
(3) set an example and apply earnestly to need to strengthen
New-style compress air store can demonstrative system amount of the technology is little, cannot satisfy the demonstrative requirement of technical development and large-scale application, urgent need government, enterprise strengthens policy guiding, increase capital support. Have not form electrovalency compensation of the system and incentive policy at present, pump water harbour can concerned policy is not applicable also compress air store can, the power station that global commerce runs is less, affected on certain level compress air store can technical promotion and application.
As the progressively development of revolution of the sources of energy, store can the technology develops ceaselessly, large-scale compress air store can set an example of the project build in succession, compress air store can the industry also will enter development drive. Believe in the government right organization and leader fall, below favorable policy environment, below the joint efforts of scientific research orgnaization and enterprise, compress air store can the technology can last certainly healthy progress, realize large-scale applying quickly.